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31.
32.
滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
研究了滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系.在滇池流域29条入湖河流2009年7~8月进行大型底栖动物群落调查,并在2008年9月~2009年8月进行逐月17项水环境指标监测,目的是阐明滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征,识别影响大型底栖动物群落特征的主要水环境因子,比较大型底栖动物群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数与水环境质量评价空间分布格局的特点.滇池流域入湖河流丰水期共检出大型底栖动物3门7科8属(其中环节动物门4科5属,软体动物门2科2属,节肢动物门1科1属),群落结构以环节动物门的水丝蚓属(耐污生物)为优势属;TN、 NH+4-N、 TP和DO是影响大型底栖动物群落特征的主要水环境因子,分别为2.03~32.00、 0.34~26.66、 0.09~3.20、 0.10~6.80 mg/L;大型底栖动物群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数与水环境质量评价的空间分布格局一致,均为流域北部入湖河流(王家堆渠、新运粮河、老运粮河、乌龙河、大观河、西坝河、船房河、采莲河、金家河、盘龙江、大青河、海河、六甲宝象河、小清河、五甲宝象河、虾坝河、老宝象河、新宝象河和马料河)污染状况严重程度>流域南部入湖河流(淤泥河、老柴河、白鱼河、茨巷河、东大河、中河和古城河)>流域东部入湖河流(洛龙河、捞鱼河和南冲河). 相似文献
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34.
Shiping Zhou Changqun Duan Wong Hang Gi Michelle Fazhong Yang Xuehua Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):676-680
Toxicities were assessed for a pyrethroid (cypermethrin) and an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) individually and in
combination. A series of tests were conducted on di erent responses (acute, chronic, behavioral) of earthworms of species Eisenia
fetida andrei in the ecological risk assessment of these pesticides. The results showed that the toxicity of the mixture of cypermethrin
and chlorpyrifos was significantly higher than either of these pesticides individually, especially on the earthworm’s chronic responses.
At a concentration of 5 mg/kg, the mixture caused significant reductions on the growth and reproduction rates of earthworms, but did
not cause any significant e ect when the individual was tested. The increase in toxicity of the pesticide mixture means that the use of
toxicity data obtained exclusively from single-pesticide experiments may underestimate the ecological risk of pesticides that actually
present in the field. 相似文献
35.
36.
动力学调控实现单一反应器内亚硝化与硝化过程的互相转化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过动力学调控在单一反应器内实现了亚硝化到硝化再到亚硝化过程的转化.在小试曝气上流式污泥床(Aerated Upflow Sludge Bed,AUSB)反应器中,在20℃、DO为2~4mg·L-1的条件下,主要通过调节反应器内的pH值调控氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)比生长速率的相对大小,以无机自配水为进水时,分别在20d和25d内将反应器的亚硝化率(出水中亚硝氮与总硝态氮之比)从95%降低至15%再恢复至95%以上,期间反应器的氨氮去除率基本维持在90%以上;当以实际高氨氮废水为进水时,同样主要通过调节反应器的pH值,分别在30d和23d内实现了反应器的亚硝化率从90%降低至10%再恢复至90%的过程. 相似文献
37.
中温和高温厌氧生物产氢反应器连续运行的研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采用2个厌氧生物产氢反应器分别在中温(37℃)和高温(55℃)下连续运行.以河底沉积物接种,葡萄糖为基质,在CSTR中成功实现了连续中温厌氧产氢,最高产氢量达8.6L/(L·d),基质产氢摩尔比(H2/葡萄糖)为1.98.以厌氧产甲烷颗粒污泥接种,蔗糖为基质,在UASB反应器中成功实现了连续高温厌氧产氢过程,最高产氢量达6.8L/(L·d),基质产氢摩尔比(H2/蔗糖)为3.6.在高温UASB反应器中培养获得了灰白色的产氢颗粒污泥,平均粒径为0.8~1.2mm,沉速为30~40m/h,电镜观察发现其表层生长大量杆状细菌.对2种产氢污泥的总DNA进行提取和纯化,通过PCR扩增和DGGE分析,发现高温和中温厌氧产氢污泥中的大部分真细菌种类相同,但各自的优势菌种明显不同. 相似文献
38.
温度、pH值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响 总被引:62,自引:16,他引:46
通过厌氧氨氧化速率的测定研究了温度、pH值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响.结果表明:温度和pH值对污泥的厌氧氨氧化活性有明显影响,最佳温度为30~35℃,在20~30℃之间,厌氧氨氧化速率与温度之间的关系可以用修正的Arrhenius方程式描述;最佳pH值为7.5~8.3,在pH值为7.0~9.0之间,厌氧氨氧化速率与pH值之间的关系可以用双底物双抑制剂模型描述;厌氧氨氧化污泥中存在着异养反硝化菌,有机物的存在会导致其与厌氧氨氧化菌之间的基质竞争. 相似文献
39.
Hoon Chae Park Hang Seok Choi Yeon-Ho Kwak 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1077-1084
To investigate heat transfer of char from waste tire pyrolysis, the cooling of char was simulated by the computational fluid dynamics. To scrutinize the heat transfer characteristics, bed height, temperature of cooling wall, and mixing time were selected as calculation parameters. From the results, increasing the char bed height from 0.005 to 0.02 m, the total heat transfer is decreased as from 45.5 to 26.5 J. As the char bed height is further increased from 0.02 to 0.06 m, the total heat transfer is decreased from 26.5 to 9.1 J. The char bed height affects the total heat transfer significantly. The total heat transfer decreases from 15.9 to 14.0 J as the temperature of cooling wall increases from 273.15 to 323.15 K. The total heat transfer mildly depends on the temperature of cooling wall. The particle mixing time increases from 10 to 120 s and the total heat transfer decreases from 28.6 to 22.6 J. It is noted that the particle contact is enhanced between char particles as well as the particles and cooling wall as the particle mixing time decreases. Consequently, heat transfer is augmented. 相似文献
40.
Seasonal variations of monocarbonyl and dicarbonyl in urban and sub-urban sites of Xi’an,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. F. Ho Steven Sai Hang Ho W. T. Dai J. J. Cao Ru-Jin Huang Linwei Tian W. J. Deng 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):2835-2849
Seventeen airborne carbonyls including monocarbonyls and dicarbonyls were determined in urban and sub-urban sites of Xi’an, China in three seasons in 2010. In winter, acetone was the most abundant carbonyl in the urban site due to usage of organic solvents in constructions and laboratories and its slower atmospheric removal mechanisms by photolysis and reaction with hydroxyl radical than those of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. In the sub-urban site, acetaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl, followed by formaldehyde and acetone. During summer, however, formaldehyde was the most dominant carbonyl in both sites. The photooxidations of a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) yielded much more formaldehyde than other carbonyls under high solar radiation and temperature. In the urban site, the average concentrations of dicarbonyls (i.e., glyoxal and methyglyoxal) in spring and summer were higher than that in winter. Transformation of aromatic VOCs emitted from fuel evaporation leads to the formation of 1,2-dicarbonyls. A reverse trend was observed in sub-urban sites, as explained by the relatively low abundances and accumulations of VOC precursors in the rural atmosphere during warm seasons. Moreover, cumulative cancer risk based on measured outdoor carbonyls (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in Xi’an Jiaotong University and Heihe was estimated (8.82?×?10?5 and 4.96?×?10?5, respectively). This study provides a clear map on the abundances of carbonyls and their source interpretation in the largest and the most economic city in Northwestern China. 相似文献